Sulfonamides and processes



United States Patent 3,400,122 SULFONAMIDES AND PROCESSES Harry Allen Albrecht, Nutley, and John Thomas Plati, Rutherford, N.J., assignors to Holfmann-La Roche Inc., Nutley, N.J., a corporation of New Jersey No Drawing. Filed Apr. 6, 1965, Ser. No. 446,068 6 Claims. (Cl. 260-2393) ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Novel, antibacterial N (4 methoxy 3 alky isoxazolyl) sulfanilamides, N (4 methoxy 5- alkyl 3 isoxazolyl)sulfanilamides and their base addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable bases are described. The N (4 methoxy 3 alkyl 5 isoxazolyl) sulfanilamides are prepared from the sequential intermediates 4-methyl-5-alkylisoxazole l RC[CHCEN wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and 5 amino- 4 methoxy 3 alkylisoxazole. The N (4 methoxy- 5 alkyl 3 isoxazolyl)sulfanilamides are prepared from the sequential intermediates RCC1=C OCHa wherein R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, and 3 amino- 4 methoxy 5 alkylisoxazole.

This invention relates to sulfonamides and more particularly relates to sulfonamides of the formulae N (I) and oH,o-o- -o-NHs0z-Nm Rik l and to methods for their preparation. In the above formulae R is hydrogen or lower alkyl.

Compounds of Formulae I and II are prepared according to the following reaction schemes:

Reaction Scheme I 0 R-CCH20CH3 O=CH-N(CH3)z (III) (IV) R\ 9 C H: R\ /CHO /O=C\ C=C\ Cl O HO C OGHa gamma (1? RC-- =COCHa R-C CHCEN H alkali metal CH lower alkoxide N or hydroxide (VII) (VI) lNHaOH 3,400,122 Patented Sept. 3, 1968 CHaO-C=CNH 2. alkali metal hydroxide 1. YQ-smX (IX) 2. alkali metal hydroxide 3. conversion of Y to NH;, it necessary RC N In the above Reaction Schemes I and II, R is hydrogen or lower alkyl, X is chlorine or bromine, preferably chlorine, and Y is a protected amino group or an amino group precursor, i.e., a group which can be converted to an amino group through reduction or hydrolysis, for example, nitro, nitroso, azo, hydrazo, hydrazido, carbalkoxyamino, carbobenzyloxyamino, etc., or preferably an acylamido group, for example, an alkanoylamido group, preferably a lower alkanoylamido group, e.g., acetamido, propionylamido, etc., or a benzamido or substituted benzamido group, e.g., alkylor halo-substituted benzamido.

In Reaction Scheme I a methoxy methyl ketone of Formula III is reacted with dimethyl formamide (IV) in the presence of phosphorus oxychloride or phosgene, preferably at a temperature in the range of from about 0 to about 100 C. to form a mixture of aldehydes of Formulae Va and Vb. This mixture of aldehydes is then reacted with a mineral acid addition salt of hydroxylamine, e.g., hydroxylamine hydrochloride, hydroxylamine sulfate, etc., preferably at a temperature in the range of from about 35 to about C., and preferably in an inert solvent, e.g., a lower alkanol solvent such as methanol, ethanol, etc., to form a 4-methoxy-5-lower alkyl isoxazole of Formula VI. Compound VI is reacted with an alkali metal lower alkoxide, e.g., sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, etc., or an alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., preferably at a temperature in the range of about 20 to about 65 C. to form a ketonitrile of Formula V1]. The ketonitrile of Formula VII is reacted with a mineral acid addition salt of hydroxylamine, e.g., hydroxylamine hydrochloride, etc., preferably in the presence of water, to form an aminoisoxazole of Formula VIII. This aminoisoxazole is then treated with a sulfonyl halide of Formula IX in the presence of an acid binding agent such as an amine, e.g., pyridine, trimethylamine, etc., to form a sulfanilyl compound. The latter is treated with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc.; and finally the Y group is converted to amino, if necessary, by a known procedure in the sulfonamide art. Where Y is a group hydrolyzable to amino such as acetamido, hydrolysis of the hydrolyzable group takes place upon treatment with the alkali metal hydroxide to yield a compound of Formula I directly. However, where Y is an amino group precursor which is reducible to an amino group, then a standard reduction reaction such as hydrogenation with a palladium catalyst, is carried out to give a compound of Formula 1.

Compounds of Formula II are prepared according to Reaction Scheme II by treating a mixture of aldehydes of Formulae Va and Vb with hydroxylamine under alkaline conditions, i.e., in the presence of a base, e.g., an alkali metal carbonate such as sodium carbonate, an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., an alkali metal lower alkoxide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxidc, etc., to form an oxime of Formula X (which is probably a mixture of cis-trans isomers). The oxime of Formula X is dehydrated by the use of phenyl isocyanate, preferably in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent, e.g., ben zene, toluene, hexane, etc., at a temperature in the range of about 20 to about 85, to form a nitrile of Formula XI. The nitrile of Formula X1 is then reacted with hydroxylamine under alkaline conditions, e.g., in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, etc., an alkali metal lower alkoxide such as sodium methoxide, sodium ethoxide, etc., to form an aminoisoxazole of Formula XII. The aminoisoxazole of Formula XII is then reacted with a sulfonyl halide of Formula IX in the presence of an acid binding agent such as an amine, e.g., pyridine, trimethylamine, etc., to form a sulfanilyl derivative which is treated with an alkali metal hydroxide as above, and the Y group converted to NH if necessary (as described above for Reaction Scheme I) to form a compound of Formula II.

Preferred compounds of Formulae I and II are those wherein R is methyl.

The term lower alkyl used herein is to be understood to refer to an alkyl group having from 1 to 7 carbon atoms, which can be either straight or branched chain, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, heptyl, hexyl, etc.

Compounds of Formulae I and II and their base addition salts with pharmaceutically acceptable bases, such as sodium hydroxide, diethanolamine, etc., are antibacterial agents useful in the same manner as known sulfonamides, e.g., sulfadimethoxine. They are characterized by a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity. They can be employed in oral or parenteral dosage forms or for topical application such as in salves, otic formulations, etc., in combination with common pharmaceutical adjuvants. Typical dosage forms are given below:

TABLET FORMULATION Per tablet, mg. N (4 methoxy 3 methyl-S-isoxazolyl)-sulfanil- 1) N (4 methoxy 3 methyl 5 isoxazolyl) sulfanilamide, corn starch, and lactose were thOI Y PARENTERAL FORMULATION Mgjcc. N (4 methoxy 3 methyl 5 isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide 412.0 Diethanolamine 159.0 Sodium metabisulfite 2.0

Water for injection U.S.P. q.s. ad 1.0 cc.

Procedure (1) The sodium metabisulfite was dissolved in the water for injection in a suitable size glass container (glass-lined container may also be used).

(2) Successive portions of the N -(4-methoxy-3-methyl-S-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide were suspended in the solution and dissolved by the addition of somewhat less than the equivalent quantity of diethanolamine until the required concentration solution was reached.

(3) The solution was filtered through a filter press to remove the gross particles, and then through a No. 015 candle to achieve final clarity and sterility.

(4) The solution was filled under aseptic conditions into 5 cc. amber vials, sealed, and sterilized for 20 minutes at 250 F.

(5) The ampuls were inspected, and any ampuls showing insoluble material were rejected.

TABLET FORMULATION Per tablet, mg. N (4 methoxy 5 methyl 3 isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide 505 Corn starch 29 Lactose 84 Gelatin 12 Talcum 15 Magnesium stearate 5 Procedure (1) N (4-methoxy 5 methyl 3 isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide, corn starch, and lactose were thoroughly mixed in suitable blending equipment and granulated with a 10 percent gelatin solution.

(2) The moist mass was passed through a No. 12 screen, and the granules were dried on paper lined trays overnight.

(3) The dried granules were passed through a No. 14 screen and placed in a suitable mixer. The talcum and magnesium stearate were added and blended.

(4) The granulation was compressed into tablets weighing approximately 650 mg. each, using punches having an approximate diameter of 12.7 mm. (/z"). The final tablet thickness was about 5.35 mm.

PARENTERAL FORMULATION Mg./cc.

N (4 methoxy 5 methyl 3 isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide (claim 400 mg.) 412.0 Diethanolamine 159.0 Sodium metabisulfite 2.0

Water for injection U.S.P. q.s. ad 1.0 cc.

Procedure (1) The sodium metabisulfite was dissolved in the water for injection in a suitable size glass container (glass-lined container may also be used).

(2) Successive portions of the N -(4-methoxy-5-methyl- 3-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide were suspended in the solution and dissolved by the addition of somewhat less than the equivalent quantity of diethanolamine until the required concentration solution was reached.

(3) The solution was filtered through a filter press to remove the gross particles, and then through a No. 015 candle to achieve final clarity and sterility.

(4) The solution was filled under aseptic conditions into 5 cc. amber vials, sealed, and sterilized for 20 minutes at 250 F.

(5) The ampuls were inspected, and any ampuls showing insoluble material were rejected.

The following examples are given for illustration purposes only and are not meant to limit the invention.

Example 1.-Preparation of N -(4-methoxy-3-methyl-5 isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide N,N-dimethyll:ormamide (438 g.) was cooled in an icesalt bath while phosphorus oxychloride (452 ml.) was added at 2-5 with vigorous stirring over a period of two hours. The cold bath was removed and the reaction stirred for 30 minutes, during which time the temperature rose to The mixture was then warmed momentarily on a water bath and the temperature maintained at -24 for minutes.

With cooling below 10 methoxyacetone (176 g.) was added over a period of 25 minutes and the bath was removed to permit a spontaneous heat generation. Within 15 minutes the temperature reached and was controlled at 35-40 for 35 minutes by intermittent cooling. The mixture was poured into 2 kg. of cracked ice. Sodium chloride (400 g.) was added and the mixture allowed to warm to 15. While maintaining the temperature between 15 and 22 by intermittent cooling with an ice bath, the mixture was extracted with three 1200 ml. portions of ether. The ether extracts were combined and washed successively with saturated sodium chloride (400 ml.), saturated sodium bicarbonate solution (400 ml), and finally with saturated sodium chloride solution (250 ml.). After drying with sodium sulfate, the ether solution was concentrated on the steam bath and the residue distilled; yield of a cis-trans mixture of 3chloro-2-methoxy- Z-butenal, 142 g.; boiling point 7080/20 mm.

3-chloro-2-methoxy-2-butenal (cis-trans mixture) 100 g.), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (77.5 g.), and methanol (750 ml.) were refluxed for two hours. When the mixture had cooled to a solution of cadmium chloride (450 g. of CClCl .2 /2 H O) in water (400 ml.) was added. The cadmium chloride complex was allowed to crystallize overnight before filtering and washing with methanol and ether.

The complex (21.8 g.) was mixed with 100 ml. of water and distilled, collecting about ml. of distallate consisting of two phases. The distallate was saturated with sodium chloride and extracted with five 10 ml. portions of ether. The ether was dried with sodium sulfate and distilled on the steam bath. The residue, 4-methoxy-5- methylisoxazole (6.1 g.), was distilled under reduced pressure; yield 4.81 g.; boiling point 108/100 mm.

4-methoxy-S-methylisoxasole (4.81 g.) was added to a solution of sodium methoxide (4.60 g.) in methanol (50 ml.) with momentary cooling to keep the reaction temperature below 40. At this point the sodium salt of the ketonitrile partially precipitated, but was allowed to remain in the mixture. After standing for one hour, the methanol was evaporated in vacuo. Water (10 ml.) and hydroxylamine hydrochloride (2.98 g.) were added, and the mixture was warmed to for 30 minutes. After standing for about 16 hours at room temperature, the

mixture was extracted with five 10 ml. portions of ether. The ether extracts were dried with NaSO and evaporated in vacuo to leave a 4.90 g. residue. Crystallization from ether (10 ml.) and petroleum ether (2 ml.) in an icesalt bath gave the major portion of product, 5-amino-4- methoxy-3 -methylisoxazole, 3.30 g., melting point 4849.

The filtrate was evaporated, and the residue crystallized from ether (2 ml.) and petroleum ether (1 ml.) to obtain a second crop: 0.95 g., melting point 4849. Total yield, 4.25 g.

5-amino-4-methoxy-3-me-thylisoxazole (3.75 g.) was dissolved in dry pyridine (38 ml.) and p-acetylaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride (15.1 g.) was added. On stirring into solution the reaction temperature rose to 40 where it was maintained by warming for 1 /2 hours.

The mixture was cooled to room temperature, and diluted with water (375 ml.). The oily precipitate was left standing overnight to solidify. The crude product, a bis(p-acetylaminobenzenesulfonyl) compound (14.35 g., darkens at 190, melts 224-225") was used directly.

A sample purified for analysis by crystallization from acetic acid melted at 233-234".

The bis(p acetylaminobenzenesulfonyl) compound (14.35 g.) and 144 ml. of 10 percent w./w. aqueous sodium hydroxide were stirred and heated on the steam bath for 40 minutes. Cooling and treatment with 25 percent aqueous acetic acid (110 ml.) precipitated the product (7.20 g., melting point 166169). Crystallization from methanol (50 ml.) and water (100 m1.) gave the pure product, N (4 methoxy-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide; yield 6.88 g.; melting point 168170.

Example 2.Preparation of N -(4-methoxy-5-methyl- 3-isoxazolyl) sulfanilamide 3 chloro 2 methoxy 2-butenal (cis-trans mixture) (122.0 g.) was added with stirring to a solution of hydroxylamine hydrochloride (70 g.) and sodium hydroxide (40 g.) in 1 liter of water. The reaction was stirred two hours, and the crude product filtered (101.4 g., melting point 6885). This material consisted of a mixture of isomers of 3-ch1oro-2-methoxy-2-butenal oxime.

Crystallization from ether (100 ml.) and petroleum ether (400 ml.) yielded the isomer formed as the major product; yield 59.3 g.; melting point 91-94".

Further recrystallization for analysis gave a melting point of 9596.

Evaporation of the filtrate and trituration of the residue with petroleum ether gave a mixture enriched in the second isomer (29.5 g., melting point 52-67). Further crystallization of a similarly obtained material gave a product, which still contained approximately one-third of the higher melting isomer.

3-chloro-2-methoxy-Z-butenal oxime (melting point 91- 94) (59.3 g.) was added to a solution of phenyl isocyanate (94.5 g.) and triethylamine (3.5 ml.) in benzene (600 ml.). After stirring for 15 minutes, the mixture was cautiously heated on the steam bath and refluxed 2%. hours.

The mixture was cooled, and the precipitate of sym.- diphenylurea was filtered. The benzene solution was concentrated on the steam bath, and the residue, 3-chloro-2- methoxy-Z-butenenitrile, distilled in vacuo; yield 32.5 g.; boiling point 5962/20 mm.

A mixture of 3-chloro-2-methoxy-2-butenenitrile (21.0 g.), hydroxylamine hydrochloride (16.8 g.), sodium methoxide (21.6 g.), and methanol (200 ml.) was stirred at 40 for 18 hours. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate evaporated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was extracted with warm ether (200 ml.). The ether solution was evaporated in vacuo and the residue, 3-amino-4- methoxy-S-methylisoxazole (15.6 g.) crystallized from ether (20 ml.) at -10 to give the major portion of the product (1.05 g., melting point -92").

A further amount of aminoisoxazole was recovered from the filtrate. The residue after evaporation of the ether was vigorously shaken with water (140 ml.), centrifuged, and the aqueous solution decanted. Evaporation of the water left a residue (4 g.) which crystallized from ether (6 ml.) at to give additional product (0.43 g., melting point 8589 Total yield, 1.48, g.

A sample purified by recrystallization from ether melted at 9193.

3-amino-4-methoxy-S-methylisoxazole (1.35 g.) was dissolved in dry pyridine (13.5 ml.), and p-acetylaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride (5.42 g.) was added. On stirring into solution, the temperature rose to 40, where it was maintained by warming for 1 /2 hours. The mixture was cooled, and diluted with water 140 ml.). The precipitate, a bis(p-acetylaminobenzensulfonyl) compound, solidified on standing overnight (4.82 g., melting point 230235). Recrystallization of a sample from acetic acid raised the melting point to 239-241".

The bis product (4.82 g.) and 50 ml. of 10 percent w./w. aqueous sodium hydroxide were stirred on the steam bath for one hour. Cooling and treatment with percent acetic acid ml.) precipitated the product N -(4- methoxy 5 methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-sulfanilamide (2.00 g., melting point 189191), which Was recrystallized from methanol ml.) and water (120 ml.); yield 1.83 g.; melting point 197199.

We claim: 1. A compound of the formula CH30(|1:([JNHS0zNI-I:

RC /o wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl.

2. N -(4-methoxy-3-methyl-5-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide. 3. A compound of the formula o1-r3o N11so2-Nm RC\ /N wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and lower alkyl.

4. N -(4methoxy-5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)sulfanilamide.

5. A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula RO\ /o wherein R, above and hereinafter, is hydrogen or lower alkyl comprising the steps of:

(a) reacting dimethylformamide with a compound selected from the group consisting of phosphorus oxychloride and phosgene at a temperature below 24 C., and thereafter adding to the reaction mixture a compound of the formula 6 R-CCHzOCHa (III) at a temperature in the range of from about 0 to about 100 C. to form a mixture of the compounds of the formulae R o C H3 R (b) reacting a mixture of the compounds of Formulae Va and Vb with a mineral acid salt of hydroxylamine in the presence of a lower alkanol at a temperature in the range of from about 35 to about 85 C. to form a compound of the formula maze-0011;

and recovering the compound of Formula VI (c) reacting the compound of the Formula VI in the presence of a lower alkanol with a strong base selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal lower alkoxide and an alkali metal hydroxide at a temperature in the range of about 20 to about C. to form a compound of the formula i RCCHCEN OCHa (VII) and recovering the compound of Formula VII (d) reacting the compound of Formula VII with a mineral acid addition salt of hydroxylamine in the presence of water to form a compound of the formula CHa-O:CNH2

R-C o N (VIII) and recovering the compound of Formula VIII (e) reacting the compound of the Formula VIII with a sulfonyl halide of the formula wherein X is selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br, and Y is acetamido, in the presence of an acid-binding agent selected from the group consisting of pyridine and trimethylamine at a temperature of about 40 C., and thereafter treating the reaction mixture with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide to form the compound of Formula I.

6. A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula R-i': /N

o 11 wherein R, above and hereinafter, is hydrogen or lower alkyl comprising the steps of:

(a) reacting a mixture of compounds of the formulae with hydroxylamine in the presence of a base selected from the group consisting of alkali metal carbonate, alkali metal hydroxide and alkali metal lower alkoxide to form an oxime of the formula CH=NOH and recovering the compound of Formula X (b) dehydrating the compound of Formula X with phenyl isocyanate in the presence of an inert hydrocarbon solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene and hexane at a temperature in the range of 20 to about C. to form a compound of the formula 0 cm (XI) and recovering the compound of Formula XI 9 10 (c) reacting the compound of Formula XI with hywherein X is selected from the group consisting of Cl droxylamine at a temperature of about 40 C. in the and Br, and Y is acetamido, presence of a lower alkanol and a base selected from in the presence of an acid-binding agent selected from the the group consisting of alkali metal hydroxide, and group consisting of pyridine and trimethylamine at a temalkali metal lower alkoxide to form a compound of 5 perature of about 40 C., and thereafter treating the rethe formula action mixture with an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide to form the compound of Formula II.

R C N No references cited.

\O/ (XII) l0 and recovering the compound of Formula XII HENRY JILES Primary Exammer- (d) reacting the compound of Formula XII with a sul- H, I, MOATZ, As i E i r,

fonyl halide of the formula Y- SOX UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,400,122 September 3, 1968 Harry Allen Albrecht et 211.

It is certified that error appears in the above identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:

Column 1, line 17, "4-methyl" should read 4-methoxy- Column 7, lines 48 to 52, the formula should appear as shown below:

Column 8, lines 71 to 74, the formula should appear as shown below:

RCC1=C OCH3 Signed and sealed this 10th day of February 1970.

(SEAL) Attest:

EDWARD M.FLETCHER,JR. WILLIAM E. SCHUYLER, JR.

Attesting Officer Commissioner of Patents 

